Behavior Change Plan to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease

Behavior Change Plan to Prevent Coronary Heart Disease Maintaining a Healthy Lifestyle Behavior to Prevent a Reoccurrence of Coronary Heart Disease James J. Speen Introduction Justification for choosing the health behavior I am a 57 year old male, diagnosed with diabetes mellitus II, and cardiovascular disease stemming from atherosclerosis. In March of 2006, I experienced an acute angina pectoris attack while testing for a brown belt in Tae Kwon Do. The angina attack led to an emergency department visit at a local health facility and ultimately culminated in a quadruple coronary artery bypass graph (CABG). My healthcare providers are continually stressing the importance of making healthy choices and maintaining a healthy lifestyle in order to prevent a reoccurrence of coronary heart disease (CHD). Further, supporting my physician’s opinion, Ferris, Kline, and Bourdage (2012) state that â€Å"biopsychosocial health displayed no direct relationship to CHD risk, but positively predicted a healthier lifestyle. A healthier lifestyle was related to lower levels of CHD risk.† Over the past 6 months, I have strayed from my regimen of healthy eating and daily exercise and am beginning to feel the negative effects of weight gain, sore joints, and decreased endurance during physical activity. It is now behavior modification time. This will be accomplished by discontinuing my current unhealthy behaviors and resuming a healthy lifestyle consisting of a regimen of eating heart healthy foods and exercise. Justification for the behavior change plan I used the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model, as outlined in our textbook, Health Psychology A Biopsychosocial Approach (Straub, 2012) to evaluate my current behavior. First, I determined that continuing my behavior would eventually lead to another CABG or even worse my death. Secondly, after considering my doctor’s views regarding CHD prevention through lifestyle modification; I chose to comply with my healthcare provider’s advice. And finally, I realized that I am the only one who can manage my controllable health risk factors. Method Materials and Procedure I monitored my pre-change caloric intake, blood glucose, and physical exercise levels for seven days. My caloric intake and amount of exercise was recorded using the MyFitnessPal mobile application. Blood glucose levels were measured each day with a OneTouch Ultra 2 blood glucose meter. Glucose measurements were performed twice each day at 6:00a.m. and at 10:00p.m.. This data was used to establish my base line cardiac healthy lifestyle compliance. After this period, I enacted a behavior change plan to regain control over my controllable cardiac health risk factors. I added the use of a HoMedics model KS-701 digital dietary scale to accurately measure my food portions and increased the amount of water that I consumed daily. Additionally, 1 hour of cardiovascular and strength training exercises was added to the daily regimen. Caloric intake and exercise activity were recorded using the MyFitnessPal mobile application and blood glucose was measured with the OneTouch Ultra 2 blood glucose meter. Nutritional data consisting of caloric intake, carbohydrates, fat, protein, cholesterol, sodium, sugar, and fiber from the MyFitnessPal application along with blood glucose data, was imported into an Excel spread sheet for data comparison and analysis. Average daily values for each category were computed for both the pre-behavior change and behavior change periods. Results The pre-behavior change average nutrition information showed that I was consuming too much fat, cholesterol, and sodium. Additionally, both my a.m. and p.m. average blood glucose readings exceeded the National Institute of Health (NIH) blood glucose recommendations of pre- meal: 70–130mg/dL and 2-hours post meal: The modified behaviors showed significant improvements across the scope of all values monitored when compared to my behavior change goal. Refer to Table 2 for a more detailed comparison of behavior change to the behavior change goal. Additionally, Table 3 demonstrates the effect that positive health risk behavior modification has on un-healthy controllable health risk behaviors. Discussion What worked and what didn’t work with my change plan This behavior intervention was successful from the standpoint that the cycle of unhealthy lifestyle choices I was making, was interrupted. Furthermore, a modest improvement in controllable cardiac health risk factors was realized. Even though, I was unable to implement the cardiovascular and strength exercise portion of my plan; I experienced a 6 pound weight loss attributable to overall daily caloric reduction. External and internal factors that contributed to the effectiveness of my change plan External factors affecting my change plan were the abundance of family support and the inability to implement the exercise component of my plan due to a severe lower lumbar sprain requiring a lengthy time to heal. Internal factors that helped motivate me to make change were the chronic joint pain and decreased physical endurance I was experiencing. Another positive motivator was being able to see the real-time qualitative results of my daily nutritional choices. Shortà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term and longà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ term consequences of not changing my behavior According to the South Australian Department of Health (2012),†the short-term consequences of not changing [my] behavior may include impairment of [my] daily health and wellbeing and reduce [my] ability to lead an enjoyable and active life†. Additionally, continued un-healthy nutrition choices can contribute to stress, fatigue, and can affect my ability to work. Furthermore, poor nutritional choices have been associated with increased incidences chronic medical conditions, such as obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. The long-term consequences of not making healthy lifestyle changes to reverse the abovementioned chronic medical conditions lead to serious life-ending diseases. Uncontrolled hypertension causes thickening of the heart muscle which reduces the heart’s pumping efficiency. Kidney failure is also caused by unmanaged high blood pressure in diabetics. Furthermore, uncontrolled hypercholesterolemia leads to increased plaque buildup in the arteries, which may form blockages, and induce a heart attack. The adverse effects of diabetes are immense. According to WebMD (2012), â€Å"complications from diabetes are caused by damage to the body’s blood vessels, nerves or both†. Damage to the vascular system causes blindness from diabetic retinopathy. Retinopathy is caused by the retina dying from insufficient blood flow. Peripheral neuropathy is damage to the nerves in the feet and can lead to open wounds that will not heal. Over time, these open wounds become infected. Left untreated, the wound develops gangrene and the limb needs to be amputated. Eventually, the cumulative negative long term effects of living an unhealthy lifestyle void of heart healthy nutrition and a regime of exercise will culminate to that moment we sometimes hear about — where we are lying on our deathbed and the most prominent thought in our mind is, — I wish I would have. References Ferris, P.A., Kline, T.J., Bourdage, J.S. (2012). He Said, She Said: Work,  Biopsychosocial, and Lifestyle Contributions to Coronary Heart Disease Risk.  Health Psychology, 31(4), 503-511. Straub, R.O. (2012). Staying Healthy: Primary Prevention and Positive Psychology. In  Health psychology: A biopsychosocial approach (pp.167-169). New York, NY:  Worth Publishers. National Diabetes Education Program (U.S.),. (2014). Know your blood sugar numbers.  Author. United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Derrher/WebMD, D. (2012). Effects of Uncontrolled Diabetes on Eyes, Kidneys, Heart,  and More. Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/diabetes/risks-complications-uncontrolled-diabetes South Australia Department of Health. (2012, July 6). The Risks of Poor Nutrition :: SA Health. Retrieved from http://www.sahealth.sa.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/public+content/sa+health+internet/healthy+living/is+your+health+at+risk/the+risks+of+poor+nutrition Table 1 Pre-change Health Behavior Table 2 Behavior change compared to behavior change goal Table 3 The effect of positive health risk behavior modification on un-healthy controllable health risk behaviors

Filipino people Essay

Women have always enjoyed greater equality in Philippine society than was common in other parts of Southeast Asia. Since pre-Spanish times, Filipinos have traced kinship bilaterally. A woman’s rights to legal equality and to inherit family property have not been questioned. Education and literacy levels in 1990 were higher for women than for men. President Aquino often is given as an example of what women can accomplish in Philippine society. The appearance of women in important positions, however, is not new or even unusual in the Philippines. Filipino women, usually called Filipinas, have been senators, cabinet officers, Supreme Court justices, administrators, and heads of major business enterprises. Furthermore, in the early 1990s women were found in more than a proportionate share of many professions although they predominated in domestic service (91 percent), professional and technical positions (59. 4 percent), and sales (57. 9 percent). Women also were often preferred in assembly-type factory work. The availability of the types of employment in which women predominated probably explains why about two-thirds of the rural to urban migrants were female. Although domestic service is a low-prestige occupation, the other types of employment compare favorably with opportunities open to the average man. This favorable occupational distribution does not mean that women were without economic problems. Although women were eligible for high positions, these were more often obtained by men. In 1990 women represented 64 percent of graduate students but held only 159 of 982 career top executive positions in the civil service. In the private sector, only about 15 percent of top-level positions were held by women. According to many observers, because men relegated household tasks to women, employed women carried a double burden. This burden was moderated somewhat by the availability of relatives and servants who functioned as helpers and child caretakers, but the use of servants and relatives has sometimes been denounced as the equivalent of exploiting some women to free others. Since the Spanish colonial period, the woman has been the family treasurer, which, at least to some degree, gave her the power of the purse. Nevertheless, the Spanish also established a tradition of subordinating women, which is manifested in women’s generally submissive attitudes and in a double standard of sexual conduct. The woman’s role as family treasurer, along with a woman’s maintenance of a generally submissive demeanor, has changed little, but the double standard of sexual morality is being challenged. Male dominance also has been challenged, to some extent, in the 1987 constitution. The constitution contains an equal rights clause–although it lacks specific provisions that might make that clause effective. As of the early 1990s, divorce was prohibited in the Philippines. Under some circumstances, legal separation was permitted, but no legal remarriage was possible. The family code of 1988 was somewhat more liberal. Reflective of Roman Catholic Church law, the code allowed annulment for psychological incapacity to be a marital partner, as well as for repeated physical violence against a mate or pressure to change religious or political affiliation. Divorce obtained abroad by an alien mate was recognized. Although the restrictive divorce laws might be viewed as an infringement on women’s liberty to get out of a bad marriage, indications were that many Filipinas viewed them as a protection against abandonment and loss of support by wayward husbands. http://www. mongabay. com/history/philippines/philippines-the_role_and_status_of_the_filipina. html La Mujer Indigena – The Native WomanA description of the Filipino Woman during Pre-Spanish Timeby Lorna S. Torralba Titgemeyer| | Introduction:When Sr. Mary John Mananzan came to Vienna to give a seminar on the comparative role and status of the Filipino woman in the family and society, past and present, initially I was not so sure of participating, for reasons difficult to explain. Partly because I was confident of my status as woman and wife, or maybe I was afraid that my individualism and self-confidence might be influenced or could cause changes in me. But curiosity got the better of me. The day turned out to be very amusing, very interesting and very informative. The following is in part a summary of Sr. Mary John? s one-day lecture, reflecting on the status of the pre-Spanish Filipino woman, as this helped me understand why we sometimes have this strange feeling of being different from how we had been brought up†¦ that is, being meek, obedient and humble†¦ in short, a good mujer christiana. From Catalona or Babaylan, La Mujer Indigena to La Mujer ChristianaThe Philippines during the pre-colonial period was not a whole entity, the way it is now. It was made up of loosely related principalities with their own separate social, political and economic systems under their own tribal rulers. Community life and social activities were organized mainly on the basis of kinship, beliefs and economic interest. A group of elders were advisers to the tribal ruler and jointly they acted as judge and lawgiver. In some communities, the Babaylan was highly respected as priestess or religious practitioner, as well as healer, counselor and mediator in the tribe. Although differing in name, every tribe had its own religious practitioners, who were preferred to men. In fact, when a male performed the religious office of a Catalona or Babaylan, he was dressed like a woman. With this reference, I would like to present the unknown image of pre-Spanish Filipino woman, la mujer indigena totally in contradiction to the prevailing belief that the elevation of the status of women, was one of the benefits brought by Spanish colonization. The matriarchal society which many of us believed we always had in the Philippines is also a false presumption. The falsely taken patriarchal upbringing with its machismo and a touch of misogyny came uplater with the Spanish colonization. In the eraly Philippines there had always been an egalitarian relationship not only between husband and wife, but also in the upbringing of offsprings. The early Filipinos gave equal importance to both male and female offsprings. Inheritance was divided equally among them, distinguishing only primogeniture and legitimacy. Education was an opportunity for both sexes. Arranged marriage was a custom among pre-Spanish Filipinos. The groom and his family gave dowry to the bride? sparents, an amount agreed upon according to their means. When married the woman did not lose her name. In some Tagalog regions, if the woman was especially distinguished, the husband usually took her name. So it was usual to hear people refered to the husband of Ninay or the husband of Isyang. The pre-colonial Filipino wife was treated as a companion, not as slave. She enjoyed freedom in making decisions in the family. Her say was not only confined to domestic affairs like having a baby or not. Giving birth many times was disliked by women, especially those who inhabited towns near the sea, saying that in having many children, they are like pigs. For this reason they practiced abortion after having the desired number of children. What name to give a child was also her prerogative. She enjoyed a key role in the economic stability of the family. Formal contracts were done only in her presence. In fact there were only very few husbands who would dare enter into contracts without the consent or presence of their wives. It was seldom that a woman did not know how to manage the family landholdings. She had the task of agricultural production once the ground had been prepared by the man. She engaged herself in weaving and pottery-making and usually managed the trading of products and wares. The role of women in the political field, especially leadership role is a disputable subject for those who say, this was based merely on legends. Remember the legend of Queen Maniwantiwan, the wife of Datu Marikudo whose consent had to be secured before he could sell his lands to the Bornean immigrants led by Datu Puti. Another queen who is reported to have ruled Cotabato in the seventh century was Queen Sima. The practice of primogeniture with regard to inheritance regardless of sex allowed women to succeed their fathers as rulers of tribes. The most famous of the women leaders of pre-Spanish society was Princess Urduja of Pangasinan. She was supposed to be a beautiful Amazon, courageous and intelligent, possessing knowledge of languages and culture of Old Asia. In Teresita Infante? s documented study, The Woman in Early Philippines and Among Tribal Minorities, there is a description of the role of women among the Kalingas: â€Å"Kalinga women are not barred from belonging to the highest rank of society, which entitles them to the privileges equal to those of men in similar rank. Some are recognized as pact holders and as she is the one who owns the pact, only her children or relatives have the right to inherit it. † Pact holders were those who held agreement with a prominent citizen of another tribe or community in which each party agreed to give protection and aid to all members of each other? s community while they were in his/her territory. Punishment was imposed if any harm had been done to them by his/her tribe member. This important position of being a pact holder was recognized among women in the pre-Spanish society. In the event of divorce caused by childlessness, infidelity, failure to fulfill obligations towards family, etc. the dowry had to be returned by the bride? s family if she was at fault. However, if the husband was at fault, he lost any right of its return. The children were divided equally between the two regardless of sex. The conjugally-acquired property was also divided equally. This way, she possessed equal rights with regard to divorce according to law and custom. To summarize, the pre-Spanish filipino woman, the mujer indigena had an honoured position in the family and society, which was dispensed with by the Spaniards. A new Filipina was formed, a person moulded to the image and likeness of the perfect woman of the Iberian society of her time. She had to follow many rules and regulations on how to lead the life of a good mujer christiana, which meant lesser freedom and rights. | http://www. univie. ac. at/Voelkerkunde/apsis/aufi/wstat/mujer. htm.

Lord of the Flies Extra Credit Questions - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 746 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/04/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Tags: Lord of The Flies Essay Did you like this example? Ralph seems very adventurous and carefree. He doesnt seem to care very much for what Piggy has to say, and seems to want to focus on getting off the island only. At first, hes happy to be out of the watchful eye of adults, but we later see him missing it. Piggy seems like a timid character, and a bit proud of being knowledgeable. He is portrayed as a more careful character, and knows more than Ralph about many things, so Ralph seems to count on him quite a bit despite never quite saying so aloud. It helps because the island is located far off from society and other people and adults. THe readers will get to see if Goldings feeling that people would be more corrupt away from society to keep them in their place was true. Unlike adults, children arent yet in their place or set by society. Children have begun to develop an understanding of the world, and havent quite gotten a definite grip on it, and their behaviors can still be shaped differently. It was taken more as a joke at first and brushed off as if it were nothing, but as they talk it out, they gradually get more and more serious and intent about it. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Lord of the Flies Extra Credit Questions" essay for you Create order Its a good example because if theres already conflict so soon in the book, it makes it obvious that things wont go well if they dont pull their acts together and stop arguing. Roger purposely missed because he felt back since, although not under the surveillance of adults, its what he was shaped as in society and he still remains that way. They missed their chance of rescue because there was enough smoke to attract the ships attention. The fire had died because Jack had taken the boys watching the fire to hunt with him. By the time Ralph was making his decision as to what to do, it was far too late. Simon says that perhaps the beast they feared is a beast created within them. There might be a truth in his words because they say theyve never truly confirmed the physical form of said beast. The lesson in the pilots figure on the mountain is that, when succumbing to ones more barbaric nature, one will do anything for survival from a beast that they themselves created. The beast is saying that Simons comments on what it really is were true, that the beast really is just a sort of figment of their imaginations, a creature within them, their wild, barbaric sides that are beginning to show their true, dark colors. Its honestly pretty believable that those boys could kill Simon because theyve officially become fully barbaric kids who have lost their grip on a more stable side of themselves. Ralph and Piggy dont want anything to do with Simons death and want to avoid it no matter what. They act like they werent involved at all, and they dont want Samneric to know they were there when Simon was killed. Jack doesnt want to listen to Ralph over reason. Jacks angry, violent, and wild side has completely taken over him, and reason just will not settle with him. Unlike what they usually live in, which is a more civilized, modern way, the boys are now living in a more primitive, barbaric society, and Simon and Piggy followed the more civilized form on living, meanwhile the other boys reverted to the wilder form. They werent wild enough to do the same things as the others, such as hunting, killing others, and things as said. Jack sets the whole area on fire so he could create a lot of smoke and get Ralph out of his hiding areas so that he could kill him. This shows Jacks irresponsibility as leader because he could burn many of their essentials, such as food, shelter, and he could even harm the other boys who are a part of his tribe. Ralph has seen so much and has been scarred. He has seen so many deaths, and knows now what its like to be hunted down to be killed, not a fun feeling, Id bet. He may still be a child based on age, but mentally, he is no longer a child; hes been through so much, lost friends, knew boys who would never be the same ever again. He realizes how much he really misses Piggy, and how the boys shouldve listened to the always reasonable boy.

Social Structure And Social Change - 1805 Words

Joseph Schumpeter once said, â€Å"The spirit of a people, its cultural level, its social structure, the deeds its policy may prepare—all this and more is written in its fiscal history, stripped of all phrases. He who knows how to listen to its message here discerns the thunder of world history more clearly than anywhere else.† Social structure is the interaction and way that human beings live and dwell together. It’s also usually linked with social change, another closely related topic. Social change deals with the way people have evolved socially and the properties of the organization of society. In the 1920s, everything was beginning to change. It was known as The Progressive Era (May) and The Roaring Twenties (History.com). The United States of America was going through many influential revolutions. They had a sense of pride, one that was not kept quiet. As people began to adjust and adapt, social classes began to become more and more pronounced, and intolera nces began to form (â€Å"DIVISIONS†). All of these things were reflected in the novel ‘The Great Gatsby,’ written by F. Scott Fitzgerald. With a number of new things and new inventions being introduced, new ways of thinking were also introduced. The young became inspired: life was new, and so were they. Cars gave them the freedom to do what they wanted, when they wanted. Some even called them â€Å"bedrooms on wheels† (History.com). The young generation grew up without much money, and now that they had finally accumulated aShow MoreRelatedWhat Major Changes in Political Structures, Social and Economic Life, Occurred During Each of the Following? the Sui Dynasty, the Tang Dynasty, the Song Dynasty733 Words   |  3 Pagesfor almost four centuries. It became unified in 581 with the founding of the new dynasties, Sui, Tang, and Song dynasties. 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